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Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs)
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are a class of drugs that stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. They are particularly effective in treating anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, or other chronic illnesses.
ESAs, such as epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, mimic the action of erythropoietin, a natural hormone produced by the kidneys. By boosting red blood cell production, ESAs improve oxygen delivery, reduce fatigue, and enhance patients’ overall quality of life.
These drugs are administered via subcutaneous injection or intravenously and require careful monitoring of hemoglobin levels to avoid complications, such as blood clots or high blood pressure. ESAs are often used alongside iron therapy to ensure sufficient iron is available for red blood cell production.
The development of ESAs has transformed the management of chronic anemia, reducing the need for frequent blood transfusions and allowing patients to maintain better energy and productivity during treatment.